▪ If clause: anak kalimat (bagian pengandaian: umumnya terdapat kata “if”)
▪ Main clause: induk kalimat (bagian harapan: umumnya terdapat Modals)
Terdapat dua pola umum untuk Conditional Sentences, yaitu:
1. Pola #1: If Clause, Main Clause
2. Pola #2: Main Clause + If Clause
| Type | Pola | Contoh |
|---|---|---|
| OPEN CONDITIONAL (TYPE 1) bentuk pengandaian masa yang akan datang, yang masih mungkin akan terjadi |
1. If + S + Verb-1 (s/es), S + Modals Present (will/can/may, dsb) + Verb-inf 2. S + Modals Present (will/can/may, dsb) + Verb-inf + If + S + Verb-1 (s/es) |
1. If Tata studies hard, she will pass the test 2. Tata will pass the test if she studies hard Fact: Tata studies hard so she can pass the test |
| PRESENT CONDITIONAL (TYPE 2) bentuk pengandaian masa sekarang, yang sebenarnya kecil kemungkin akan terjadi |
1. If + S + Verb-2, S + Modals Past (would/could/might, dsb) + Verb-inf 2. S + Modals Past (would/could/might, dsb) + Verb-inf + If + S + Verb-2 Tanpa If: Were + S + O, S + Modal Past + Verb-inf Catatan Penting: Apabila pada If Clause memerlukan To Be, To Be yg diperbolehkan hanya Were, tidak boleh Was. Walaupun subjeknya tunggal (I, She ataupun He) |
1. If the price of gold were lower, I would buy it 2. I would buy the gold if the price of gold were lower Tanpa If: Were the price of gold lower, I would buy it Fact: The price of gold is not lower so I don’t buy it Catatan:Jika kalimat pengandaian (+) maka faktanya (-) dalam present tenses |
| PAST CONDITIONAL (TYPE 3) bentuk pengandaian di masa lampau, sehingga pasti tidak mungkin terjadi |
1. If + S + Had + Verb-3, S + Modals Past (would/could/might, dsb) + Have + Verb-3 2. S + Modals Past (would/could/might, dsb) + Have + Verb-3 + If + S + Had + Verb-3 Tanpa If: Had + S + Verb-3 + O, S + Modal Past + Have + Verb-3 |
1. If she had been more confident, she might have won the contest 2. She might have won the contest if she had been more confident Tanpa If: Had she been more confident, she might have won the contest Fact: She was not more confident so she didn’t win the contest |
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